Science
Electric charge.
Definition
Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience electromagnetic force. There are two types: positive (protons) and negative (electrons). Like charges repel and opposite charges attract, following Coulomb's law.
Examples
Real-world.
- 1 Rubbing a balloon on hair transfers electrons, giving the balloon a negative charge that sticks to walls
- 2 Lightning occurs when charge separation in clouds creates a massive potential difference with the ground
- 3 Static cling in laundry happens because tumbling transfers electrons between fabrics
Key Fact
Coulomb's Law: F = kq₁q₂/r², where k = 8.99 × 10⁹ N·m²/C². Elementary charge e = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C.