Science
Strong vs weak acids.
Definition
Strong acids completely dissociate into ions in water, meaning every molecule releases a hydrogen ion. Weak acids only partially dissociate, establishing an equilibrium between the undissociated acid and its ions. This distinction affects pH, conductivity, and reactivity.
Examples
Real-world.
- 1 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid that fully ionizes — stomach acid is mostly HCl
- 2 Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) in vinegar is a weak acid, only about 1% dissociated in solution
- 3 Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong acid used in car batteries, while citric acid in lemons is weak
Key Fact
Strong acids (HCl, HBr, HI, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HClO₄) fully dissociate; weak acids have a Ka value indicating partial dissociation.