Math
Observational studies.
Definition
A type of statistical study where researchers observe and collect data without manipulating variables or assigning treatments. Unlike experiments, observational studies cannot establish cause-and-effect relationships.
Examples
Real-world.
- 1 Studying whether people who exercise more have lower blood pressure by surveying existing habits
- 2 Tracking students' phone usage and comparing it to their GPA
- 3 Examining health outcomes of smokers vs. non-smokers without assigning anyone to smoke